WELCOME TO MY BLOG: 2017

Chapter 1

The Subject:

-SOME and ANY

-MUCH and MANY

-A LOT OF and A FEW

1. SOME & ANY

SOME are used in the positive. Some can be used for objects countable and uncountable nouns. Some are not used in negative sentences or questions.

Example:

- I have some pillows.

- We bought some doughnuts.

- There are some longan on the table.

- My brothers buy some ice cream.

- Some of them riding a horses.

Keep in mind that, if we use some for objects that can be calculated (countable nouns), the object must be plural / plural.

- Correct: Nadira has some pillows

- Wrong: Nadira has some pillow.

- Correct: Paul bought some doughnuts .

- Wrong: Paul bought some doughnut.

If after some words we put a noun that can not be calculated / uncountable noun, then it should not be a noun plus "s / es"

- True: There is some pepper in the bowl.

- Wrong:There is some pepper in the bowl.

- Correct: I need some water.

- Wrong: I need some waters.

Note:

- Remember, some can not be used in the form of a negative sentence, or the interrogative sentence.

- However, to offer something (offer) and demand (request), we need to put some words in a sentence asked.

Example:

- Would you like some coffee? (offer)

- Can I have some grapes? (request)

- Would you like some milk?

- Can I borrow some money?

ANY used only in negative sentences and interrogative sentence / interrogative. In the negative or interrogative sentence are not allowed to wear some, as with any word should never be placed in the positive. Once any, we can put a countable or uncountable nouns. When a noun is countable noun / countable noun and more than one, then that too must be a noun in the plural / plural.

Example:

- Correct: I do not have any Kimia books.

- Wrong: I do not have any Kimia book.

- Correct: Do they need any spoons?

- Wrong: Do they need any spoon?

- Is there any salt?

2. MUCH AND MANY

Much and many are used to express that there is a large quantity of something . much and many are used in negative sentences and questions.

Many is used with countable nouns.

Much is used with uncountable nouns.

EX :

- Emi borrows many science books from library.

- The students bring many school tools everyday.

- You give much salt so the food is salty

- Jimmy flows much blood in accident

- How many children will you have? ( countable noun )

- How much of your income do you save? ( uncountable noun )

3. A LOT OF AND A FEW

Lot of In spoken English we often use lots of or a lot of. In written English, it is more common to write many (for countable plural nouns) or a great deal of (for uncountable nouns) in positive statements.

A common mistake is to use lot of. For example, "There are lot of accidents on this way". To avoid making this mistake, remember either to use a before lot, or to make lot plural – lots.

We can say either a lot of or lots of before a noun. For example, "There are a lot of people here" or "There are lots of people here". There isn't any difference between the two expressions.

We use a lot of in positive sentences, negative sentences and questions. This expression can be used with countable or uncountable nouns.

- I have a lot of books to read. (Countable noun)

- I have a lot of lights to be installed

- There are a lot of water to wash clothes. (Uncountable noun)

- You have a lot of flour to make a cake

A Few

A few are used together with countable nouns to indicate a small quantity. A few are also used in positive (+) sentences, but not in negative (-) sentences. We generally use any for interrogative (?) Sentences, but a few are also biased in the interrogative (?) Sentence.

Example of use in the sentence:

Examples of their use in positive (+) sentences:

· I have a few books

· I have a few pens

· You have a few bags

Examples of their use in interrogative (?) Sentences:

· Do you have a few books?

· Do you have a few pens?

· Do you have a few bags?

Chapter 2

The Subject :

- Article ( A, an ,the, and no article )

An article is a short word that refers to and introduces a noun. You may recall that a noun is a person, place, thing or idea. So, when I talk about a book or an apple or the president, I use both an article and a noun with each phrase.

There are three articles in the English language: a,an and the. It's pretty easy to remember that short list of three articles. Your main job is to remember the handful of rules for how to use them correctly.

A. Indefinite Articles: a and an

We use A/AN with:

a. Singular nouns and the first time we refer to a person, animal or thing.

- a pillow

- an iguana

- a phone

b. We don't use A/AN with possessive pronouns, demonstratives or cardinal numbers.

- My clothes is dirty.

- This shoes is expensive.

c. We use ONE (or more) instead of A/AN when the number is important.

- There is only one way to the airport.

What is the difference between A and AN?

A is used when the next word begins with a consonant sound (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k etc).

- a shoes

- a computer

- a horse

- a fan

AN is used when the next word begins with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).

- an owl

- an hour-glass

- an elephant

- an egg

B. Definite Article: the

· The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:

· “Please give me the red hammer; the blue one is too small” Here, we’re talking about a red harmmer, Since there are two red and blue hammers, we need a red hammer.

C. No Article

We use no article with:

1. When we refer to general ideas, plurals or uncountable nouns we do not use THE.

· Can you speak Indonesian? (NOT The indonesian).

· That children played volleyball. (NOT The volleyball).

2. Names of people, books and plays (unless it is part of the title).

· I have meet Jenifer Lopez.

3. Towns, cities, states and countries.

· Mekarsari

· Depok

· Brazil

(Exceptions – The UAE, The UK, The Netherlands, The Czech Republic, The Philippines).

Chapter 3

THE DISCUSSION

- Present simple

- Present continuous

- Present perfect

a. Simple Present Tense, use tobe: ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’.

Example:

Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.

Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Present Continuous Tense, use ‘tobe (am, is or are)’ + ‘being’.

Example:

Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.

Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

c. Present Perfect Tense, use ‘has been’ or ‘have been’.

Example:

Active : He has met them.
Passive : They have been met by him.

Active : She has watered this plant 5 minutes ago.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her 5 minutes ago.

Chapter 4

THE DISCUSSION

- past simple

- past continous

- past perfect

d. Simple Past Tense, use tobe: ‘was’ or ‘were’.

Example:

Active : He met them yesterday.
Passive : They were met by him yesterday.

Active : She watered this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant was watered by her every two days.

e. Past Continuous Tense, use ‘tobe (was or were)’ + ‘being’.

Example:

Active : He was meeting them.
Passive : They were being met by him.

Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

f. Past Perfect Tense, use ‘had been’.

Example:

Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here.
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here.

Chapter 5

THE DISCUSSION:

- Indefinite pronoun ( some-, any-, no-)

- Reflexive pronoun

A.INDEFINITE PRONOUN

The compounds of some and any behave in the same way as some and any, that is to say, some ,in affirmative sentence and ,any in negatives and question , although we use some in the interrogative to offer something, to ask for something or when we expect a positive response, as we saw in the previous unit. Examples :

We saw someone entering Mr. Eko’s house last night

· Someone has come here and given us a gift

· Someone knocks the door but I don’t know

· Somebody to love.

Instead of I did not see anybody there , we can say I saw nobody there ,but we cannot use two negative words : I did not see nobody there

Anybody,nobody and somebody mean the same as anyone, no-one and nobody respectively. No-one can alsi be written no one .

Do you have anything to drink and eat?
Mella doesn’t understand about anything in this problem
No one can’t lie me
Nobody in that room speaks English
nothing happens without the God

B.REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverb ,adjective , pronoun or noun to which it refers, so long as that antecedent is located within the same clause.example

She cooked by herself
You’re going to drive yourself to campus today
He wanted to impress her, so he baked a cake himself
I in a hurry, so I washed the car myself.
The actors saved the local theatre money by making costumes themselves
That bag is in a class all by itself.

THE DISCUSSION:

- HAVE SOMETHING DONE

- CAUSATIVE HAVE

A. Have something done is used to show that something is done for us, we do not do it ourselves. Compare these two sentences:

"I washed my car." - I washed my car myself.

"I had my car washed." - I paid someone to wash my car for me.

We can also use the form"I got my car washed." The difference between have and get is that have is more formal than get.

Subject + Have + Object + Past Participle Verb:

I (subject) had (have) my car (object) washed (past participle verb).

No	Example Have Something Done
1	I had my car repaired yesterday.
2	She had her phone’s battery replaced by a local shop.
3	A friend of mine has had his debit card used fraudulently.

Basically the order of sentences with causative haves is divided into 2, active and passive. Here is the explanation.

1. Causative have in active sentence.

Formula: Subject + HAVE + Object 1 + Verb 1 + Object 2

I have my sister cook friend rice = I told my sister to cook fried rice

In the sentence above, causative have applied to the active sentence. In my sense (subject) ask my sister (object) to memsaka fried rice.

Remember after object, verb 1 (cook) must be used.

2. Causative have in pasive sentence

Subject + HAVE + Object 2 + Verb 3

I have friedd rice cooked = I ask for fried rice dimasaka

In the above sentence, causative haves are used in passive times. This means that the first Object does not need to mention the unknown alias who was asked to do the activity.

Example :

ACTIVE CAUSATIVE HAVE
1. The barking dog made the postman run away.
2. The rain has made the tourists stay in the hotel this morning.
3. I don’t think she can make her husband buy that expensive ring.
4. Sad movies always make me cry.

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE HAVE
1. Did you have the car washed yesterday?
2. I have my hair cut once in 2-3 months.
3. We’ve had the lawn mowed by the neighbour’s son.
4. Jane will have the curtains cleaned at the dry cleaner’s tomorrow.

THE DISCUSSION:

- DETERMINER : ALL ,EACH , EVERY , FEW ,LITTLE

The difference between All, Every, and Each

All means the total number of people or things considered as a group.
Every means all members of a group considered individually.
Each means all members of a group considered individually though we think of them more one by one

-- ALL --

All refers to the total number of people or things of a group. They are considered as a group and not individually. There are minimum three things in the group.

1 .All + noun

We can use All with a plural noun to make a generalization about an entire group of something.

· All sharks are dangerous.

· All elephants are slow.

2 .All + of + determiner + noun

The noun can be singular, plural or an uncountable noun. These nouns can also be replaced by pronouns.

· You need to read all of the book.

· All of the pages are yellow and old.

· All of the fish in the pond have died.

· You need to remove all of them before they start to smell bad.

Note that All of + singular noun is not common and Whole or Entire used instead of all of.

· You need to read the whole book (= all of the book)

We can also remove OF before the determiner + noun (but we must use OF before a pronoun)

· You need to read all the book.

· All the pages are yellow and old.

3 .Pronoun + all

Sometimes you can place All after a pronoun to emphasize that every single one of that group is included.

· We all hope you get better soon.

· I hope you all have a great time.

· I have made us all some sandwiches.

-- EACH --

Each refers to all members of a group though we think of them more one by one (individually). Each can be used to talk about two or more people/things.

1.Each + singular countable noun

You use a singular (countable) noun after the word Each.

· Make sure you enjoy each moment in your life.

· They play the national anthem of each country before the game begins.

· Live each day as if it were your last.

2.Each + oneOne

can be used to replace the singular countable noun if it has already been mentioned.

· A: What do I have to do with these antique vases? B: You need to take each one out of the box very carefully. (each one = each vase)

3.Each of + determiner + plural noun

Each can be followed by a determiner (my, his, the, etc.) and a plural noun.

· I kiss each of my children before they go to bed at night.

· The teacher had a little kid holding on to each of her hands.

· Each of the guides has a different group to show around the museum.

Notice how after each of the verb is usually in singular form though when speaking informally, you will sometimes hear a plural verb used.

· Each of my students has a different assignment to complete. (correct use)

· Each of my students have a different assignment to complete. (informal use)

4.Each of + pronoun (you/us/them)

We can only use the pronouns you/us/them after each of.

· He gave each of us a small gift at the end of the course.

· You need to wash each of them before use.

· Each of you needs to complete the assignment individually.

Again the verb following each of + pronoun should be in the singular form.

5.Each as a pronoun

Each can be used by itself (without a noun) as a pronoun.

· When the students finished to course, each was given a certificate. (Each = each of the students)

Though it is more common to use each one instead of each by itself.

· …each one was given a certificate.

6.Noun/Pronoun + each

Each can be used after the noun (or pronoun) it describes.

· The parents gave their children some pocket money. To avoid problems, they each received the same amount.

Auxiliary Verb/To Be + each

Each can be used after an auxiliary verb or the verbs Are and Were.

· I have four books to sell and they areeach worth around five dollars.

· They have each been told their responsibilities.

Object + each

Instead of going before/after the subject, each can appear after the object.
This is common when the noun object refers to an amount, how many of something there is or when giving a price.

· My paintings are worth $100 each (= Each of my paintings are worth $100)

· I gave my children each an ice cream.

-- EVERY --

Every refers to all members of a group though considered individually. It can be used to talk about three or more people/things.

1. Every + singular noun

The noun that comes after Every is in singular form.

· I have visited everycountry in South America (we do NOT say: every countries)

· I can understand every word our teacher says. (we do NOT say: every words)

Note, when you use every + noun as a subject, it uses a singular verb (verb + s)

· Every day is a chance to learn something new.

· Every child needs love and care.

· Every house on the street looks the same.

2. Every + number + plural noun

Every can be followed by a plural noun when there is a number before that noun. This is common with periods of time or things at regular intervals.

· He gets his head shaved every three weeks.

· You need to take a break every two hours.

We can also use every without a number and a singular noun to refer to regular intervals:

· He plays football every Saturday.

· She goes to the gym every day.

--A LITTLE--

non countable nouns (milk, marmalade, money, time etc.)

--A FEW –

countable nouns (bottles of milk, jars of marmalade, dollars, minutes etc.)

Examples:

· He has a little money left.

· He has a few dollars left.

THE DISCUSSION: QUESTION TAG

Question tags

Question tags are the short questions that we put on the end of sentences – particularly in spoken English. There are lots of different question tags but the rules are not difficult to learn.

Positive/negative

If the main part of the sentence is positive, the question tag is negative ….

· He’s a doctor, isn’t he?

· You work in a bank, don’t you?

... and if the main part of the sentence is negative, the question tag is positive.

· You haven’t met him, have you?

· She isn’t coming, is she?

With auxiliary verbs

The question tag uses the same verb as the main part of the sentence. If this is an auxiliary verb (‘have’, ‘be’) then the question tag is made with the auxiliary verb.

· They’ve gone away for a few days, haven’t they?

· They weren’t here, were they?

· He had met him before, hadn’t he?

· This isn’t working, is it?

Without auxiliary verbs

If the main part of the sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb, the question tag uses an appropriate form of ‘do’.

· I said that, didn’t I?

· You don’t recognise me, do you?

· She eats meat, doesn’t she?

With modal verbs

If there is a modal verb in the main part of the sentence the question tag uses the same modal verb.

· They couldn’t hear me, could they?

· You won’t tell anyone, will you?

With ‘I am’

Be careful with question tags with sentences that start ‘I am’. The question tag for ‘I am’ is ‘aren’t I?’

· I’m the fastest, aren’t I?

Intonation

Question tags can either be ‘real’ questions where you want to know the answer or simply asking for agreement when we already know the answer.

If the question tag is a real question we use rising intonation. Our tone of voice rises.
If we already know the answer we use falling intonation. Our tone of voice falls.

THE DISCUSSION:

- SO AND SUCH

- THIRD CONDITIONAL

1.Such is a determiner; so is an adverb. They often have the same meaning of ‘very’ or ‘to this degree

Those are such good chocolates.

Those chocolates are so good.

1 . We use such + noun phrase and so + adjective or adverb phrase:

She is such a great cook.

Not: ~~She is so great cook~~.

That was so unpleasant. (so + adjective)

Not: ~~That was such unpleasant~~.

Why do you drive so fast? (so + adverb)

Not: ~~Why do you drive such fast?~~

2.We use such, not so, before a noun, even if there is an adjective before the noun:

They’re such snobs! They won’t speak to anyone else in the village.

Not: ~~They’re so snobs~~ …

Those are such cool shoes. Where did you get them?

Not: ~~Those are so cool shoes~~.

We use such, not so, before a noun phrase with the indefinite article a/an:

3.We use so, not such, before adjectives:

Thank you. You’re so kind.

Not: ~~You’re such kind~~.

4.We use so, not such, before adverbs:

She always dresses so elegantly.

Not: ~~She always dresses such elegantly~~.

2.THIRD CONDITIONAL

Conditional Sentence Type 1
Dalam conditional sentence type 1, peristiwanya belum terjadi sehingga sangat mungkin terjadi apabila syaratnya terpenuhi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang belum terjadi di masa sekarang dan akan terjadi di masa depan jika syaratnya terpenuhi.

Rumus: If + Simple Present, will + verb I

Contoh:
If you give me money, I will help you.

If you help me, I will give you money.

If you leave your sister alone, she will miss you.

If our team win the match, we will be very happy.

If Joni camps, he will build a campfire.

Conditional Sentence Type 2
Conditional sentence type 2 digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya tidak mungkin terpenuhi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan fakta yang bertolak belakang dengan masa sekarang.

Rumus: If + past tense, would + verb I

Contoh:
If I were you, I would be very angry.

Fact: I’m not you, so I’m not very angry.

If I were Superman, I would fly to the Moon.
Fact: I’m not Superman, so I don’t fly to the Moon.

If I married Anna, I would be very happy.
Fact: I don’t marry Anna, so I’m not very happy.

If I were an entrepreneur, I would get money easily.
Fact: I’m not an entrepreneur, so I don’t get money easily.

If you followed my instructions, you would be safe.
Fact: You don’t follow my instructions, so you aren’t safe.

Conditional Sentence Type 3
Pada conditional sentence type 3, syaratnya tidak mungkin terpenuhi karena terjadi di masa lampau sehingga peristiwanya tidak mungkin terjadi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan harapan yang tidak terwujud di masa lalu.

Rumus: If + past perfect, would have + verb III

Contoh:
If her grandfather had been immediately taken to the hospital, he would have been saved.
Fact: Her grandfather didn’t immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save.

If Jono had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.

Fact: Jono didn’t study hard, so he didn’t pass the exam.

Chapter 11, 12, 13, 14

THE DISCUSSION:

- PRESENT SIMPLE

- PRESENT CONTINUOUS

- PRESENT PERFECT

- PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

- PAST SIMPLE

- PAST PERFECT

- FUTURE

- FUTURE CONTINUOUS

- PRESENT SIMPLE

- SIMPLE PAST

- PRESENT PERFECT

- PRESENT CONTINUOUS

- FUTURE

- FUTURE CONTINUOUS

1. Present simple

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

· I play tennis.

· She does not play tennis.

· Does he play tennis?

· The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.

· The train does not leave at 9 AM.

2. present continuous

The present continuous of any verb is composed of two parts - the present tense of the verb to be + the present participle of the main verb.

(The form of the present participle is:base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Affirmative
Subject	+ *to be*	+ base + ing
She	is	talking.
Negative
Subject	+ to be + not	+ base + ing
She	is not (isn't)	talking
Interrogative
*to be*	+ subject	+ base + ing
Is	she	talking?

Examples: TO GO, present continuous


Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I am going	I am not going	Am I going?
You are going	You aren't going.	Are you going?
He, she, it is going	He, she, it isn't going	Is he, she, it going?
We are going	We aren't going	Are we going?
You are going	You aren't going	Are you going?
They are going	They aren't going	Are they going?

3.present perfect

To form the present perfect tense,use have/ has + the past participke form of the verb.

The present perfect tense can refer to uninterrupted actions that started in the past and continue to the present

Ø Melissa has worked for this company since 1998

Ø The smiths have lived here for many years

The present perfect tense can also refer to completed actions that happened in the past and may happen again in the future

Ø We’ve seen there movies this month

Ø She’s been to hong kong several times

The present perfect tense also refers to actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past

Ø I’ve already seen that movie

The present perfect tense can also mean that an action happened in very recent past

Ø A : have you finished that report

Ø B : yes ,I have

To form a negative sentence in the present perfect tense ,use have / has + not / n’t + the past participle form of the verb

Ø John hasn’t worked here for very long

4.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before now' and 'now'. The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that period of time. He/she is interested in the process as well as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.

ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE IN THE PRESENT

She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= and I still haven't finished it).
They have been travelling since last October (= and they're not home yet).

FORMING THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of the verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb (base+ing)

Subject	has/have been	base+ing
She	has been	swimming

Affirmative: She has been / She's been running.
Negative: She hasn't been running.
Interrogative : Has she been running?
Interrogative negative: Hasn't she been running?

1.PAST SIMPLE

The simple past tense refers to actions the began and ended at a particular time in the past

Ø Howard called marian last night

Ø I found a new job two weeks ago

Negative sentence in the simple past tense are forned with didn’t and the base for, of the verb

Ø Max didn’t come to class yesterday

Questions in the simple past tense are formed with did and the base form of the verb

Ø Where did you work ?

2.PAST PERFECT

The past perfect tense refers to an action that was completed before a time or befoe another in the past

Ø Bill had left work by 4.30

Ø George had already eaten dinner when he got home

To form the past perfect tense,use had + thepast participle form of the verb

1. FUTURE TENSE

There are several ways to express future time in English

A.SIMPLE FUTURE

The simple future with will refers tp future plans,prediction, and willingness

We’ll get together next week

Jihn well be happy to see ypu tomorrow

To form the simple future tense, use will + the best form of the verb

It is also common to use am/is/are + the base form of the verb to refer to fitire plans and predictions

They are going to take the bus this afternoon

B.FUTURE PERFECT

The future perfect tense refers to an action that will be completed before a time or before another action at a more distant point in the future

I will have eaten dinner by 8.00

The teacher will have started the lesson by the time you get to class

To form the future perfect tense , use will + the past participle form of the verb

C.FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

The future progressive tense refers to an action that will be in progress in the future often, this is an action that will be interrupted by another action

The children will be sleeping when rita gets home tonight

The future progressive also refers toan action that will be in progress in the future at the same time another action is raking place

I will be enjoyed my vacation while you’ve working at the affice

To form the future progressive tense, use will+ be +verb+ing . it is also common to use am/is/are +going to + be + verb+ing to refer to a future progressive idea

We are going to be painting the house while you are away

D. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

The future perfect progressive tense refers to an action that will be in progress before a time or before another action in the future

By next Friday, we will have been working in this report for two weeks

By the time this couse ends, I will have been studying English for ten months

Future Continuous

The Future Continuous tense is often used in English as a way to talk about something happening at a given point in the future.

How do we make the Future Continuous tense?

The structure of the Future Continuous tense is:

Subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	auxiliary verb BE	+	main verb
		invariable		invariable		present participle
		will		be		base + ing

For negative sentences in the Future Continuous tense, we insert not between will and be. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and will. Look at these example sentences with the Future Continuous tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	will		be	working	at 10am.
+	You	will		be	lying	on a beach tomorrow.
-	She	will	not	be	using	the car.
-	We	will	not	be	having	dinner at home.
?	Will	you		be	playing	football?
?	Will	they		be	watching	TV?

1. Simple Present

Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Yes/No	Subject	Auxiliary (+ n't)
Do	you	read	books?	Yes, No,	I I	do. don't.
Does	Peter	play	football?	Yes, No,	he he	does. doesn't.

2. Simple Past

Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Yes/No	Subject	Auxiliary (+ n't)
Did	Max	play	football?	Yes, No,	he he	did. didn't.
Did	you	watch	the film yesterday?	Yes, No,	I I	did. didn't.

BUT:

to be	Subject	Rest	Yes/No	Subject	Auxiliary (+ n't)
Were	you	in Leipzig last week?	Yes, No,	I I	was. wasn't.

3. Present Perfect

Auxiliary	Subject	Verb	Rest	Yes/No	Subject	Auxiliary (+ n't)
Have	you	done	the shopping?	Yes, No, No,	I I I	have. have not. haven't.
Has	Jane	played	basketball?	Yes, No, No,	she she she	has. has not. hasn't.
Have	they	been	in Canada?	Yes, No, No,	they they they	have. have not. haven't.

4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Negatives in the present continuous are formed by adding not or n't after the verb BE:

Positive sentence	Negative sentence	Contracted negative
I am eating.	I am not eating.	I'm not eating.
You are working.	You are not working.	You aren't working.
He is driving.	He is not driving.	He isn't driving.
She is teaching.	She is not teaching.	She isn't teaching.
It is raining.	It is not raining.	It isn't raining.
We are reading.	We are not reading.	We aren't reading.
They are writing.	They are not writing.	They aren't writing.

5. future

Directions: Write information questions in the future tense using the modal verb "will." First, read the answer. Then, write the question by hand in your notebook.

Example:

Question: What time will the class end?

Answer: The class will end at 8:45.

6. future continuous
In English there are many different ways to talk about the future. What can you remember about the future continuous tense with will? Here are ten sentences to see if you can remember how to form this tense. When you have completed the exercise, see if you can explain for other learners when and why we use this tense. Good luck!

Subject + will + be + base verb + ing

"I will be sleeping at midnight."

For negative sentences use won't (will not) instead of will:

"I won't be sleeping at midnight."

We use this tense to talk about an action that will be happening at a particular moment/time in the future. The action will have already started before that that moment/time, but will not finish at that time.
For example, I start work at 9am and finish at 5pm so if someone asks me, "What will you be doing at 10am on Monday?" I can answer, "I will be working at 10am on Monday". That action (working) will have started before that time and will finish much later.

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Kamis, 27 April 2017

Bahasa Inggris 2_BAB 1 - 14

2. Simple Past

3. Present Perfect